Public water system · SD4602253
ActiveKoa Hill City/Needles Highway
At a glance
Koa Hill City/Needles Highway (PWSID SD4602253) is an active transient non-community water system in Pennington County, South Dakota. It reports serving 146 people through 75 service connections. Its primary water source is groundwater, and EPA lists it as privately owned. EPA's records list 5 violations for this system; 2 are health-based, and the most recent began in November 2005.
Dataset updated . Source: EPA SDWIS/ECHO public records.
Population served
146
Service connections
75
Primary source
GW
Groundwater
System type
TNCWS
Transient non-community water system
System record
How does Koa Hill City/Needles Highway compare with other water systems in Pennington County?
By EPA's size categories, Koa Hill City/Needles Highway is a very small system (500 people or fewer). Pennington County has 150 active public water systems. Its population served is well below the county average of 930 people per system, and accounts for 0.1% of the 139,467 people reported by systems filed under the county. Across South Dakota, the 699 active systems average 1,387 people each. Nationally, the average active transient non-community water system reports serving 144 people, so Koa Hill City/Needles Highway is roughly in line with that figure.
What does “transient non-community water system” mean?
A transient non-community water system serves places where people do not stay long, such as gas stations and campgrounds, and regularly serves at least 25 people a day for at least 60 days a year. South Dakota has 173 active transient non-community water systems, 25% of the state's 699 active systems. Groundwater means the system draws its water from wells or springs fed by underground aquifers. 431 South Dakota systems (62%) list groundwater as their primary source.
Who owns and regulates Koa Hill City/Needles Highway?
EPA lists Koa Hill City/Needles Highway as privately owned. The SD state drinking water program is its primacy agency, the regulator with primary enforcement responsibility for the system under the Safe Drinking Water Act. 134 of the 150 active systems in Pennington County (89%) are also privately owned.
Does Koa Hill City/Needles Highway have drinking water violations?
EPA's records list 5 violations for this system; 2 are health-based, and the most recent began in November 2005. The violations listed here began between August 2005 and November 2005. By type: 2 public notice, recordkeeping or other, 2 contaminant level above the legal limit and 1 monitoring and reporting. The contaminant or rule involved most often is Total coliform bacteria (TCR) (3 of them). EPA lists 5 as resolved. Resolved means at least one resolving action is on record: the system returned to compliance, the rule no longer applies, or no further action was needed.
| Began | Violation | Contaminant or rule | Health-based | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005-11-07 | Public notice, recordkeeping or otherPublic Notification Violation for NPDWR Violation · code 75 | Public Noticecode 7500 | No | Resolved |
| 2005-11-06 | Public notice, recordkeeping or otherPublic Notification Violation for NPDWR Violation · code 75 | Public Noticecode 7500 | No | Resolved |
| 2005-09-01 | Contaminant level above the legal limitMaximum Contaminant Level Violation, Monthly (TCR) · code 22 | Total coliform bacteria (TCR)code 3100 | Yes | Resolved |
| 2005-09-01 | Monitoring and reportingMonitoring, Repeat Major (TCR) · code 25 | Total coliform bacteria (TCR)code 3100 | No | Resolved |
| 2005-08-01 | Contaminant level above the legal limitMaximum Contaminant Level Violation, Monthly (TCR) · code 22 | Total coliform bacteria (TCR)code 3100 | Yes | Resolved |
All 5 violations in EPA's records, newest first.Labels and codes come from EPA's SDWIS reference tables. A monitoring or reporting violation means a required test or report was missed or late; it does not by itself mean a contaminant was found. "Health-based" marks violations of a legal limit or required treatment.
Koa Hill City/Needles Highway: frequently asked questions
Who runs Koa Hill City/Needles Highway?
Koa Hill City/Needles Highway (PWSID SD4602253) is a transient non-community water system privately owned. It is regulated by the SD state drinking water program.
How many people does Koa Hill City/Needles Highway serve?
Koa Hill City/Needles Highway reports serving 146 people through 75 service connections in Pennington County, South Dakota.
Where does Koa Hill City/Needles Highway get its water?
EPA SDWIS lists this system's primary water source as groundwater. Groundwater means the system draws its water from wells or springs fed by underground aquifers.
Does Koa Hill City/Needles Highway have any drinking water violations?
EPA's records list 5 violations for this system; 2 are health-based, and the most recent began in November 2005. A monitoring or reporting violation means a required test or report was missed or late; it does not by itself mean a contaminant was found.
Is Koa Hill City/Needles Highway's water safe to drink?
AquaCensus shows EPA compliance records, not current water test results, so it cannot say whether the water is safe at a given moment. EPA's records list 5 violations for this system; 2 are health-based, and the most recent began in November 2005. For current results, consult EPA ECHO, or the SD state drinking water program.
Where can I find Koa Hill City/Needles Highway's water quality report?
The annual Consumer Confidence Report requirement applies to community water systems. Koa Hill City/Needles Highway is a transient non-community water system, so it is not required to publish one; like every public water system, it must notify the people it serves about violations under EPA's public notification rules.
Other water systems in Pennington County
| Water system | County | Population served | Type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rapid City | Pennington | 72,009 | Community | Surface water |
| Box Elder | Pennington | 14,000 | Community | Groundwater |
| Rapid Valley Sanitary District | Pennington | 11,408 | Community | Surface water |
| Ellsworth Afb | Pennington | 9,100 | Community | Purchased surface water |
| Nps-Mount Rushmore National Memorial | Pennington | 4,100 | Non-transient non-community | Groundwater |
| Colonial Pine Hills Sanitary Distric | Pennington | 1,200 | Community | Groundwater |
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About this data
Source: U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) and SDWA violation records, via EPA ECHO, as published October 1, 2026 — AquaCensus refreshes it quarterly. See the methodology for how records are matched, cleaned and scored.
Cite as: AquaCensus, “Koa Hill City/Needles Highway, PWSID SD4602253, South Dakota”, https://aquacensus.com/water-systems/south-dakota/koa-hill-city-needles-highway-sd4602253 (data as of October 1, 2026).